Reimagining HVAC for New Manufactured Housing: Energy Modeling and Cost Effectiveness Report

This report supports a DOE Advanced Building Construction project focused on improving the energy efficiency of new manufactured homes through innovations related to space heating and cooling.

Roughly ten million manufactured homes have been built since federal regulation of the industry under HUD began in 1976 and about 100,000 homes were shipped nationwide in 2021 according to the Manufactured Housing Institute. While highly affordable, these homes often lack the energy efficiency and performance mandated by local codes for site-built homes. The HUD code, which regulates the industry nationwide, has not been updated since 1994.